Pointers and Errors

• pointers
• go copies values when you pass them to functions/methods
• if you are writing a function that needs to mutate state you'll need it to take a pointer to the thing you want to change
• done with the *variable syntax
• nil
• pointers can be nil
• when a function returns a pointer, check if it is nil to avoid runtime exceptions
• Errors
• errors are the way to signify failure when calling a function
• The var keyword allows us to define values global to the package.
• can be set as global variables to be more useful
• type CustomName OriginalType: Create new type from existing ones
• CustsomName(inputs) to create an instance of the type
• Implement the String() interface on a custom struct to define how type is printed when used with %s