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Index

Main function

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    std::cout << "Hello World!" << std::endl;
}
- #include : used to include libraries - int main() {} the entry point of a cpp program - function can return a value to indicate if it succeeded or failed

extra - std::ednl creats new line characters - std::cout print to console

comments

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    // single line comments

    /* 
    multi
    line
    comments
    */
}

Errors

  • compile time erros
    • bbinary won't be created
  • runtime errors
    • binray created but doesn't act as expected
  • warnings
    • issues not seriours enough for compiler to stop working

Statements and Functions

  • statements
    • basic unit of computation in a C++ program
    • end with a semicolon ;
    • executed in order from top to bottom
  • function
    • takes inputs and returns a value
    • reusable collections of code

Inputs and Outputs

  • std::cout : print data to console
  • std::cin : read data from the console
  • std::cerr : print erros to the console

  • std::clog : print log messages to the console

  • >> and << are used to indicate the direction that data travels; either from console to program or from program to console

  • std::cin can be chained
  • std::getline(inputstream, buffertostoreinto) used to grab lines with spaces

C++ Program Execution Model

  • program written in human readable c++
  • program is compiled into a binary executable that is not readable by human
  • program is ran in memory (RAM)
  • program will execute the statments from top to bottom
  • prgroam will jump to diffeerent memory addresses during execution, and that is where some optimization occcurs

C++ core language Vs Standard library Vs STL

  • core : basic rules and types that define how c++ programs run
  • standard library : set of ready to use, highly specialized components that can be used in programs
  • STL : a highly specialized part of the standard library